I-Fir (Abies)

I-Fir yigama elivamile esilisebenzisayo ukubhekisela ochungechungeni lwama-conifers amakhulu anomumo we-pyramidal. Zinhle kakhulu, futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zikhula kancane, zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlobisa ezingadini, cishe njalo njengezibonelo ezihlukene.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amahlanu zezihlahla zefir, kodwa kusenokungabaza ukuthi zonke ziyizinhlobo eziyinhloko noma ukuthi ezinye ziyi-subspecies. Kunoma yikuphi, ungakhathazeki ngalokhu manje. Okulandelayo ngizokutshela mayelana nalezo ongazithola kalula ezithengiswa eSpain, nokuthi kufanele uzinakekele kanjani..

Yini i-fir?

I-Fir igama elivamile elinikezwa izitshalo zohlobo lwe-Abies. Badabuka enyakatho nenkabazwe, lapho bahlala khona ikakhulukazi emahlathini ama-coniferous atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ukuphakama kwawo kuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya kwangama-80, futhi kulula ukuwabona ngoba anomumo wephiramidi.. Amaqabunga ayi-cicular, aluhlaza noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical cones eziphakathi kuka-5 no-30 amasentimitha ubude. Lezi zihlangene futhi zinzima kakhulu. Lapho ibola, imbewu ishiywa mahhala.

Kuyini?

Kuyisitshalo esinemisebenzi eminingi, okuyilezi:

• umuthi wensimu: njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ziyizitshalo ezitshalwa njengesibonelo sodwa, noma ngemigqa. Zibukeka kahle kakhulu izingadi eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, isibonelo endaweni yokuphumula.
• isitshalo sikakhisimusi: zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, ikakhulukazi UNordmanniana abies. Kodwa azivumelani nezimo zangaphakathi ekhaya, ngakho zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ngokushesha.
• Madera: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amafreyimu, iminyango, nokunye okunjalo okuzoba ngaphakathi kwendlu.

izinhlobo ze-spruce

Uma ungathanda ukuba ne-fir engadini yakho kodwa ungazi ukuthi iyiphi ongayikhetha, manje usuzokwazi izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:

U-Abies alba

Kuyaziwa ngokuthi i-fir evamile noma i-fir emhlophe, futhi isihlahla esinjalo ifinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha ama-20 no-60. Itholakala enkabeni yeYurophu, ifinyelela enyakatho yeSpain futhi ikakhulukazi ePyrenees. Ithanda inhlabathi evundile, futhi ene-asidi ethize.

I-Abies balsamea

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Christmas fir noma i-balsam fir, iyi-conifer ezalelwa e-United States naseCanada lokho ikhula phakathi kwamamitha amane kuya kwayishumi ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo anombala oluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo, futhi izigaxa zawo zinsomi ekuqaleni futhi kamuva zibe nsundu.

U-Abies concolor

I-Colorado spruce iyi-conifer ekhula ezintabeni ezisentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ifinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-25 no-60, futhi amaqabunga awo aluhlaza noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isiqu sawo, sifana nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, i-columnar; kanye nezigaxa ezinsundu.

Ama-abies aseKorea

I-Korean fir isihlahla esidabuka eNingizimu Korea, lapho ihlala khona ezintabeni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10-18, namahlamvu awo aluhlaza. Izigaxa zinsomi, futhi zithatha cishe izinyanga eziyisi-6 ukuvuthwa. Kunconywa kuphela ukukhula ezindaweni ezibandayo.

UNordmanniana abies

Yaziwa ngokuthi i-Normandy fir noma i-Caucasian fir, futhi idabuka eCaucasus nase-Asia Minor. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-60, futhi inamaqabunga aluhlaza. Izigaxa zayo zibomvana.

abies pinsapo

I-fir yaseSpain iyi-conifer ehlala eningizimu yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ama-30 ukuphakama. Isiqu sawo siqondile, kodwa njengoba sikhula siyakwazi ukusonteka. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okumnyama, futhi akhiqiza ama-cones abomvu noma ansomi. Iwuhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala.

Uwunakekela kanjani umuthi womtholo?

I-fir isihlahla esimelana nokubandayo nesithwathwa kahle kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi sibekwe endaweni efanele, ngaphandle kwalokho izoqala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, ake sibone ukuthi singayinakekela kanjani:

Indawo

Kufanele ube nayo ngaphandle, njalo. Akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuba nayo ekhaya, ngisho namasonto ambalwa ngonyaka. Kuyisihlahla sengadi, esidinga ukuzwa ukudlula kwezinkathi zonyaka, imvula, umoya, iqhwa, ilanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nezimpande, kubalulekile ukuthi itshalwe emhlabathini, ebangeni elingamamitha ayishumi ukusuka kumapayipi.

Inhlabathi noma i-substrate

• Isibindi: umhlaba kumele ucebe ngezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube okujulile, ukukhanya futhi kube nokugeleza okuhle.
• Imbiza yezimbali: kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwayo lihamba kancane, kungenzeka ukuthi likhule ebhodweni iminyaka eminingi. Isebenzisa i-universal substrate (iyathengiswa lapha) noma ingxube ye-30% ye-perlite mulch (iyathengiswa lapha).

Ukunisela

Lezi zitshalo hlala ezindaweni lapho lina njalo. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ukuba uma sihlala endaweni enezimvula ezincane, sinisele cishe kathathu ngesonto ehlobo, futhi kanye noma kabili ngesonto ekwindla nasebusika.

Kodwa uma sitshala emhlabathini futhi lina unyaka wonke, kufanele nje sikuqaphele kancane eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Nini futhi kanjani ukuchelela izihlahla?

Umbhalisile

Obhalisile utuswa kakhulu ukuthi isihlahla somkhiwane sikhule ngendlela enempilo. Kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kusetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, umanyolo we-organic njenge-guano (iyathengiswa lapha) noma umquba wenkomo. Sabalalisa kancane esiqwini sesitshalo, bese uchelela.

Ukufakelwa

En intwasahlobo. Uma kwenzeka isebhodweni, kufanele uyitshale kwelinye elikhudlwana njalo eminyakeni emi-4 cishe. Noma kunjalo, uma nje isilinganisa imitha eyi-1, okufanelekile kuzoba ukuyisusa phansi ukuze ikhule ngokuqinile.

Ukuphindaphinda

Umsinga iphindaphindeka ngezimbewu, okufanele itshalwe ebusika, ebhodweni elibekwe ngaphandle, noma ifakwe esiqandisini izinyanga ezintathu. Kuyancomeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe indawo yokutshala izimbewu (ukuthengisa lapha) noma i-vermiculite (iyathengiswa lapha), futhi uyigcine imanzi kodwa ingagcwali amanzi. Zingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze ziqhume.

Isibindi

Imelana nesithwathwa esikhulu kufika ku -18ºC ngokwesilinganiso.

Ingabe uthanda i-fir?