I-Beech (Fagus sylvatica)

I-beech ingenye yezihlahla ezivuthulukayo ezakha uhlobo lwehlathi laseYurophu elinobuhle nobukhulu obukhulu.: ihlathi lebhishi. Lesi sitshalo, esithatha isikhathi saso ukukhula, sinesikhathi eside sokuphila, cishe iminyaka engama-300; yebo, yebo, uma isimo sezulu siqhubeka sinomusa kuye futhi engahlushwa inkinga enkulu.

Akulona uhlobo lwesihlahla okufanele sibekwe engadini encane, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kulezo ezinkulu singaba isibonelo esifanele ukutuswa.

Luhlobo luni lwesihlahla ibhishi?

I-beech, igama layo lesayensi I-Fagus sylvatica, Kuyisihlahla esinamaqabunga aso ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-40.. Isiqu sawo siqondile futhi siqinile, sinamagxolo abushelelezi, futhi ngokuvamile amagatsha aqhelelene kakhulu nomhlabathi. Umqhele wayo uyindilinga uma ukhula kude nezinye izihlahla, ngaphandle kwalokho uba mncane futhi ungavamile, okwenzekayo, isibonelo, ehlathini.

Amaqabunga alula, amise okweqanda, futhi aluhlaza, nakuba eshintsha umbala ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa.. Ngaleso sikhathi sonyaka, ziyayeka ukuphakelwa bese ziba phuzi bese ziba nsundu. Futhi, kufanele wazi ukuthi, eduze kwesiqu se-beech, kunzima ukuthi into ethile ikhule, ngoba umqhele wayo uvimbela ukukhanya okwanele ukuba kufinyelele phansi.

Kuwuhlobo lwe-monoecious, okungukuthi, zombili izimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi zitholakala kumfanekiso ofanayo. Ihlumela langaphambili ngamaqembu angama-3-4 ukusuka ku-peduncle emfushane, futhi anombala ophuzi; yona yakamuva, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nayo ihluma ngamaqembu, kodwa ikwenza ku-peduncle ende futhi elenga kancane.

Izinhlobo ze-beech nezimila

I-beech isihlahla ngokwaso esihle kakhulu, kepha namuhla kuthengiswa izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlobisa kakhulu, uma kungenzeka, njengalezi:

• I-Fagus sylvatica var asplenifolia: amaqabunga awo ahluke ngokuphelele kulawo e-beech evamile: made, futhi anemiphetho emagebhugebhu kakhulu.
• I-Fagus sylvatica var atropurpurea: njengoba igama layo lisho, inamaqabunga ansomi. Kodwa qaphela: ngesikhathi sasehlobo zingaba luhlaza-bomvu.
• I-Fagus sylvatica var pendula: Kuyinhlobonhlobo ebukeka ikhala.
• I-Fagus sylvatica var. tortuous: kuyinhlobonhlobo ene-trunk ehlukumezayo, ebonakalayo emifanekisweni yabantu abadala (kunzima kakhulu ukubona kwabancane).
• I-Fagus sylvatica 'Roseomarginata': Isihlahla esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okumnyama esinamacele aphinki.

Lithini igama lesithelo se-beech?

Isithelo sinomumo oyindilinga futhi sivuleka sibe amavalvu amane, aveze phakathi kwembewu engu-1 no-3, evame kakhulu kube ngu-2, amise okwe-tetrahedron futhi ayadliwayo. Laba baziwa ngamagama ka i-beech mast.

Simila kuphi isihlahla se-beech?

Ibhishi isihlahla ukuthi ikhula zasendle ezindaweni zaseYurophu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile kanye nenhlabathi epholile, evundile. Singayithola eGreece, eSweden, eNorway, eJalimane (njengasehlathini Elimnyama), noma ngisho naseSpain. Ezweni lethu, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngehlathi lase-Irati eNavarra, lapho labelana khona ngendawo yokuhlala U-Abies alba (kuqala).

Kuyisitshalo esingakubekezeleli ukushisa okukhulu noma isomiso. Ngalesi sizathu, singabona kuphela izibonelo ezinempilo futhi ezinhle ngempela kulezo zindawo lapho amazinga okushisa ehlala epholile ehlobo, nalapho linetha njalo.

Isebenzani?

I-beech ngokucacile inomsebenzi imihlobiso. Nakuba, njengoba sesishilo, kuyisihlahla esikhulu esidinga indawo eningi, sihlobisa kakhulu; kangangoba okuhle wukutshala iyodwa, kude nezinye izitshalo ezingase ziyiphazamise.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile ezidliwayo. Ama-Beechnuts angadliwa ngaphandle kwenkinga, kodwa abuye asetshenziswe njengokudla kwemfuyo.

Indlela yokunakekela i-beech?

Kuyisihlahla esikhula kancane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sifuna kangakanani ukuba naso, kuyoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi ayikubekezeleli ukushisa okukhulu. Ngokwami ​​isipiliyoni, ngingakutshela ukuthi uma amazinga okushisa ehlala ephakathi kuka-20 no-35ºC, kunomswakama womoya ongaphezu kuka-50% amasonto, ngisho noma uwubeka emthunzini, ngaphandle kwelanga, uzobona ukuthi amaqabunga awo ashisa futhi afe. .

Ngalesi sizathu, akwenzi mqondo ngempela ukuthenga isitshalo esizoba nobunzima obukhulu ekuphileni. Kuyoba nzima kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okunikezwayo ngeke kuhlale kwanele.

Noma kunjalo, ngizokutshela yiziphi ukunakekelwa okuvamile Yini okufanele umnike yona?

Indawo

Okutuswa kakhulu yilokho ngaphezu kokuba nayo ngaphandle, yibeke elangeni inqobo nje uma kuyisitshalo abanaso enkulisa endaweni enelanga, ngaphandle kwalokho kungcono ukuyibeka emthunzini omncane futhi kancane kancane ujwayele ilanga.

Kulungile manje uma lokho onakho kuyi-beech yesithombo, okuhle kakhulu ukuqala ngokuyibeka emthunzini. Endle, imbewu iqhuma ngaphansi kombhede wehlathi, futhi njengoba ikhula futhi ikhula, kancane kancane ijwayela ilanga eliqondile. Ngakho-ke ungajahi ukukuveza ekukhanyeni okuqondile kwenkosi yenkanyezi; uzokwenza yedwa.

Umhlaba

Njengoba idinga inhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-drainage enhle, Uma uzoyikhulisa ebhodweni isikhashana, ngincoma ukuyitshala endaweni eyodwa nenhlabathi yezitshalo ze-asidi (ezithengiswayo). lapha); futhi uma izoba senhlabathini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi inhlabathi ivundile, ineziponji, futhi inomoya omuhle.

Ukutshala emhlabathini wobumba kufanele kugwenywe., njengoba lezi zinzima kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, ziba zihlangene kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuba umoya ujikeleze phakathi kwama-granite awakhayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-beech ingaba ne-iron chlorosis, njengoba nakuba inhlabathi yobumba iqukethe insimbi, ayitholakali ezimpandeni.

Ukunisela nokubhalisa

Ezindaweni zaso, isihlahla se-beech sihlala ezindaweni lapho kunemvula engaphezu kuka-1000 mm ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kuyodingeka iniselwe uma lina kancane, noma uma lisebhodweni. Kangakanani? Kuncike, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ihlale imanzi noma ipholile (hhayi amanzi), ikakhulukazi ehlobo.

Mayelana nobhalisile, kuhle ukukhokha entwasahlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla, Umanyolo wemvelo.

Ukuphindaphinda

El I-Fagus sylvatica iphindaphindwa ngo imbewu ebusika futhi ukusika entwasahlobo.

Isibindi

Isekela kuze kufike ku -20ºC ubuncane, kodwa uma zidlula ku-30ºC ziba kubi.

Isihlahla se-beech sihle kakhulu, awucabangi?