I-Birch (Betula)

I-birch ingenye yalezo zihlahla esingazithola kuyo yonke ingxenye esenyakatho nenkabazwe. Inezinga lokukhula ngokushesha, isici esithakazelisa kakhulu lapho itshalwe engadini, ngoba inikeza nomthunzi.

Nakuba kufanele uqaphele izimpande zayo futhi uyitshale kude nanoma yini engaphuka noma yonakalise, njengamapayipi isibonelo, Kuyisitshalo okulula ukwenza umhlaba ube muhle ngaso.

Umsuka nezici ze-birch

Igama elithi birch libhekisela ochungechungeni lwezihlahla ezivuthuluka (ngaphandle kwesisodwa, esihlala siluhlaza) eziyingxenye yohlobo lweBetula. Abaningi badabuka eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, nase-Asia, kodwa bakhona abahlala eNyakatho Afrika. Njengenjwayelo, Ziyizitshalo ezifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30, eneziqu ezingaba zodwa noma igatsha kusukela esisekelweni, namagxolo amhlophe.

Umqhele cishe uhlale u-ovate, futhi wakhiwe ngamahlamvu amise okwedayimane. Lezi zifinyelela ku-6 amasentimitha ubude, futhi ziluhlaza. Izimbali zawo ziyizinsikazi noma zesilisa, zombili zivela esihlahleni esisodwa, futhi zingama-catkin aluhlaza noma aphuzi, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni.

Izinhlobo noma izinhlobonhlobo ze-Betula

Ukuze wazi kangcono izihlahla ze-birch futhi ukwazi ukukhetha kangcono izinhlobonhlobo ofuna ukuba nazo engadini yakho, sizokwethula ngezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu engadini:

i-betula pendula (ngaphambi betula alba)

I-birch evamile noma yaseYurophu, nakuba itholakala nase-Asia. Ikhula isiqu esiqondile nesincane, esicishe sibe ngamasentimitha angama-40 ukujiya, sibe namagxolo amhlophe qwa. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha angu-30, futhi ekwindla amaqabunga awo aphuzi.

I-Betula papyrifera

I-canoe birch noma i-paper birch yisihlahla esivamise ukufika kumamitha angama-20, kodwa singadlula amamitha angama-35. Isiqu silinganiselwa kumasentimitha angama-80 ububanzi, futhi sinegxolo elimhlophe. Itholakala eNyakatho Melika, kuhlanganise ne-Alaska. Iwathanda kakhulu amakhaza, ngakho kuhle ukuba ezindaweni lapho ihlobo lipholile khona nasekwindla nobusika kubanda.

I-Betula pubescence (ngaphambi I-Betula celtiberica)

Yaziwa ngokuthi i-downy birch, futhi ivela enyakatho yeYurophu nasenyakatho ye-Asia. Ngakho-ke, yiyona efaneleka kakhulu ukukhula ezindaweni ezipholile, lapho ubusika bubanda khona. Ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30, futhi inesiqu esiwugqinsi esingamasentimitha angama-40-50.. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukwehla, amaqabunga awo aphenduka aphuzi kanye/noma abomvu.

Betula nana

I-Dwarf birch isihlahla esikhula endaweni eyi-arctic yaseNyakatho Melika, enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia. Kungenzeka futhi ukuyithola eGreenland. Ngokungafani namanye ama-Betula, uluhlaza njalo, afinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha ayi-1,2. Ayilinywa kakhulu ezingadini, njengoba idinga isimo sezulu esipholile isikhathi esiningi sonyaka kanye nokubanda ebusika ukuze ikhule kahle.

Yenzelweni i-birch?

Kuyisitshalo esivame ukusetshenziswa nje imihlobiso. Inikeza umthunzi, futhi engadini ingasetshenziswa futhi njengothango olude. Kungenzeka futhi ukuyisebenza njenge-bonsai, ngoba ibekezelela ukuthenwa kahle.

Kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungaziwa kakhulu yi- okwelapha. Amagxolo ezinye izinhlobo, ezifana I-Betula pubescenceAqukethe i-betulinic acid, engasebenza ngempumelelo ezinhlobonhlobo zomdlavuza. Lapha unesixhumanisi socwaningo olwenziwe uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubisi namaqabunga alolu hlobo olufanayo anezindawo zokuhlanza, i-diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic kanye ne-astringent.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i I-Birch Isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-plywood noma ifenisha yangaphakathi.

Yini oyidingayo ukuze ukhule kahle?

I-birch noma i-Betula isitshalo okuthi, nakuba sinesiqu esincanyana, izimpande zaso zinde kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuyitshala engadini enkulu, ngoba encane singagcina sinezinkinga. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zomuthi kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze zikhule kahle:

Isimo sezulu

Okufanelekile, isimo sezulu kufanele sibe nezimo ezipholile, kube nehlobo elipholile kanye nobusika obunesithwathwa kanye neqhwa.. Manje i i-betula pendula yebo, ingatshalwa ezindaweni lapho ihlobo lishisa khona (35ºC) kanye nesithwathwa esithambile (kuze kufike ku -5ºC), kodwa akufanele intule amanzi.

Umhlaba

Inhlabathi yasengadini kufanele ibe yintsha, ibe ne-acidic kancane futhi ivundile. Emhlabathini we-limestone, amaqabunga awo aba yi-chlorotic ngenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuyigcina ebhodweni isikhashana, kufanele uyitshale kwenye enezimbobo esisekelweni sayo, ne-substrate yezitshalo ze-asidi (iyathengiswa. lapha).

Ukunisela

i-betula idinga ukuchelelwa njalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi igcinwe imanzi ukuze ingomi. Yiqiniso, kufanele usebenzise amanzi emvula noma nini lapho kungenzeka; Kungenjalo, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa leyo enomcako omncane.

Umbhalisile

Kunconywa ukuvundisa i-birch kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa imikhiqizo ephilayo ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwayo, njenge-guano (iyathengiswa lapha).

Ukuphindaphinda

Iphindaphindeka ngezimbewu. Lezi kufanele zitshalwe ebusika, ngoba ngale ndlela zizoqhuma entwasahlobo.

Isibindi

Kungumuthi omelana nesithwathwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Okungenani, ikwazi ukumelana nokufika ku-18ºC, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zasenyakatho njenge Betula nana Ziyakwazi ukumelana no-30ºC, mhlawumbe nangaphezulu.

Ucabangeni nge-birch?