Cork oak (Quercus suber)

Umthi wom-oki ngowona uxhaphakileyo emasimini namadlelo aseYurophu nakuMntla Afrika.. Sisityalo esikhulu, esinesithsaba esihle esinika umthunzi oxatyisiweyo, ngakumbi kwingingqi yeMeditera, apho ilanga "lixina" ngamandla ehlotyeni.

Ukongezelela, sele ilinywe ixesha elide, kungekhona nje ngexabiso layo lokuhlobisa, kodwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-cork kwi-bark yayo, eya kuthi isetyenziswe ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo esiza kuzichaza ngezantsi.

Yintoni i-cork oak?

I-oki ye-cork, egama layo lezenzululwazi I-Quercus suber, Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza onokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20 ubude.. Inesithsaba esibanzi seemitha ezininzi; enyanisweni, ukuba ibekwe yodwa kwaye ayinqunyulwanga kakhulu, inokugqithisa iimitha ezi-4 ububanzi. Amagqabi awo aluhlaza, aphakathi ngokomlinganiselo, kwaye anomda othe chatha kancinci.

Isiqu sawo somelele kwaye sinamasebe kumgama omfutshane ukusuka emhlabeni ukuba sikwanti.; kwimeko apho imithi ekufutshane iya kuthanda ukuvelisa amasebe aphezulu. Ixolo libanzi kwimizekelo yabantu abadala, kwaye i-cork ikhutshwa kuyo njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili. Kwaye isiqhamo yi-acorn enokulinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezimbini.

Sinokuyifumana phi? Ewe, luhlobo oluhlala kwiMeditera yaseYurophu nakuMntla Afrika. ESpain siyifumana ikakhulu eAndalusia, Extremadura naseCatalonia. Kakade ke, oko akuthethi ukuba akwenzeki kulo lonke ilizwe, kodwa kunoko kukuba kule mimandla mithathu apho awona mahlathi e-oki aseSpain angcono kakhulu agcinwayo.

Kwaye ngendlela, ngumthi ofumana amanye amagama. Ngokomzekelo, ama-Andalusi adla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi-chaparro, nangona ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cap oak. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, xa sithetha nge-oki ye-oki sonke sithetha ngesityalo esifanayo: ukukhula kancinci, kodwa ngobuhle obukhulu, obuthi. Ungaphila ukuya kwiminyaka engama-250.

Yintoni na?

I-oki ye-cork sisityalo esilinywa ngokubanzi kakhulu ukutsalwa kwamaxolo ayo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngesandla, emva kokuba umthi uneminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-40 ubudala yaye rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-9 ukuya kweli-14, kuxhomekeka kwisantya sokukhula kwawo nokuba usempilweni kangakanani na.

Xa sele ifunyenwe, Ukhokho usetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi ezifana: iibhotile zokutywina, ukwenza i-insoles yezicathulo, okanye nakwisakhiwo njengento yokukhusela kwingxolo nokubanda. Kananjalo inomsebenzi wokuhombisa, kuba isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimodeli, iitreyi, imifanekiso, njalo njalo.

Enye indlela yokuyisebenzisa ifana icarbón yemifuno. Ii-acorns zisebenza njengokutya kwemfuyo, ukucacisa ngakumbi malunga neehagu, nangona abantu banokuzisebenzisa (nangona kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba incasa yazo inokuba krakra kakhulu kuwe).

Kwaye okokugqibela kodwa okungancinci, sinakho ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa. Sisityalo esinika umthunzi omninzi, esikwaziyo ukumelana neqabaka kunye nobushushu ngokulinganayo ngokulinganayo, ngoko ke makhe sibone ukuba kufuneka sinyanyekelwe njani.

Yeyiphi inkathalo ekufuneka inikwe I-Quercus suber?

I<em>chaparro sisityalo esixhathisayo nesiguquguqukayo, esinokunanditshwa kwasebutsheni baso egadini okanye kwigadi yeziqhamo. Ayifuni ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi iimfuno zayo zokulima ukuze ungamangaliswa:

Indawo kunye nomhlaba

Siya kuyityala kwindawo enelanga, apho kukho umhlaba ochumileyo kunye nowomileyo.. Ngokufanayo, umhlaba kufuneka ube ne-asidi, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwekalika, kwaye ungaxinani kakhulu. Kwimihlaba enzima inesantya esicothayo sokukhula, kuba inkqubo yeengcambu zayo icinezelwe ngokoqobo ngamakhozo enza umhlaba ezikhula kuwo.

Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo ubude kunye nobubanzi besithsaba somzekelo omdala, kufuneka ityalwe ubuncinane kwiimitha ezi-4 ukusuka kwiindonga, iindonga kunye nezinye izityalo ezinkulu, ukuba ngcono ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu zeemitha ukwenzela ukuba, kwixesha elizayo, libukeka lihle ngakumbi.

Ukunkcenkceshela nokufuma

I-chaparro ngumthi weMeditera, kwaye ngoko, imelana nembalela kodwa hayi indawo eyomileyo (enobumanzi obungaphantsi kwama-50%).. Ngoko ke, ukunkcenkceshela kuya kunqongophala. Kufuneka unkcenkceshele malunga namaxesha ama-2 ngeveki ehlotyeni, kwaye kanye ngeveki unyaka wonke ukuba akunamvula.

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, oku kuya kuba yimfuneko kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala: emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 uya kukwazi ukwahlula imingcipheko ngakumbi kuba umthi uya kuba sele ugxilile ngokwaneleyo ukuze umelane kangcono namaxesha omileyo.

Ukuphindaphinda

i-oki yesikhokho iphindaphindwa ngembewu. Ezi zinokuhlwayelwa nje ukuba zivunwe emthini, ekwindla. Imbiza okanye itreyi yembewu enomhlaba wezityalo ezineasidi (iyathengiswa apha) iya kukhonza. Ukunkcenkceshela ngamaxesha athile ukuze umhlaba ungomi, kwaye entwasahlobo baya kuqala ukuhluma.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Indlela yokuvelisa imithi ngembewu?

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ukumelana nekhephu ukuya kwi -10ºC, kwaye shushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40ºC.

Ucinga ntoni ngesikhokho se-oki? Uyathanda?