Um-oki weHolm (Quercus ilex)

El I-Quercus ilex Ngumthi owomeleleyo kwaye noxhathisa kakhulu.. Nangona ikhula ngokucothayo, luhlobo olukwaziyo ukumelana neqabaka ephakathi kunye nembalela. Kwaye ngaphezu koko, inesithsaba esishinyeneyo kangangokuba inika umthunzi omninzi, into ngokungathandabuzekiyo yonwatyelwa ngeentsuku apho ubushushu bunamandla kakhulu.

Ngokungathi oko akonelanga, iziqhamo zayo, esizazi ngegama lee-acorns, zisisishwamshwam esimnandi emva kokuba zigcadwe (akufunekanga zityiwe zikrwada, ekubeni ukwenza oko bekuya kugqibela kubuhlungu besisu ubuncinane). Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, ngumthi wegadi okanye, ukuba ukhetha, umthi wegadi, oya kwenza imihla yethu ibe mnandi kakhulu. Masiyazi.

Unjani yena I-Quercus ilex?

El I-Quercus ilex Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza ovela kummandla weMeditera, owaziwa ngamagama aqhelekileyo e-oki, i-holm oak okanye i-chaparro, le yokugqibela isetyenziswa kakhulu kumazantsi e-Iberia Peninsula. Ifikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-25 yeemitha, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomhlaba kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwimvula; ngaloo ndlela, kwiindawo apho kunetha kancinci okanye kancinci kakhulu kuya kuhlala kusezantsi kunezo apho kunetha rhoqo.

Isithsaba saso singqukuva kwaye sibanzi, kwaye senziwe ngamagqabi aluhlaza kunye noluthwathwa, ahlala kwisityalo umyinge weminyaka emi-3 de kancinci kancinci atshintshwe ngamatsha. I- monoecious , ineentyatyambo zamadoda kunye neentyatyambo zasetyhini kwi-sampuli efanayo.. Eyangaphambili ziicatkins ezithambileyo emthubi ekuqaleni kwaye zimdaka xa zivuthiwe; ezamazi zihluma kwizikhondo ezijingayo, zincinci kwaye zityheli.

Iziqhamo zayo, ii-acorns, zilinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezi-2 kwaye zimdaka omnyama.. Incam yayo ibukhali, into eyahlulayo kwezinye iiQuercus, kwaye ivuthwa ekwindla nasebusika. Ngumthi oqala ukuthwala isiqhamo kwiminyaka eyi-15 ubudala, ukuba nje imozulu kunye neemeko zomhlaba zivuma.

Yintoni na?

Um-oki unemisebenzi emininzi. Sele siyikhankanye enye, enokutyiwa, kodwa kukho ezinye ezinomdla wokuzazi:

• Umhlobiso: Yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo phakathi kwabantu. Ngumthi onika umthunzi omnandi kakhulu, opholileyo kunye noxineneyo.
• Ukutya: ezona acorns ziswiti kukutya kwemfuyo, kodwa nakubantu. Sidla emva kokuwagcoba. Umgubo uyenziwa kwaye usetyenziselwa ukwenza isonka.
• Ukutshisa ufele: Amaxolo ayo atyebileyo kwiitannins, ezisetyenziswa kwi-tanneries.
• ukubulala iintsholongwane kumanxeba: Ukuba ixolo lixutywe namagqabi acudiweyo neziqhamo, laza laphekwa, kufunyanwa into enokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanxeba.
• Madera: Isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamalungu ekufuneka amelane nokukhuhlana okuninzi, njengamavili emoto, umzekelo, okanye izixhobo.

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Um-oki, okanye I-Quercus ilex, ngomnye wemithi eqhelekileyo kwiMeditera eSpeyin. Ifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-peninsula, kodwa nakwiziqithi zeBalearic. Oku akukuthinteli ukuba kubonakale kwiigadi ezininzi; Ayimangalisi into yokuba imelana nobushushu kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba izinto ezininzi zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze zingaveli iingxaki:

• Ngumthi ofuna indawo. Ikhula kancinane, kodwa loo nto ayithethi ukuba sinokuyikhulisa embizeni ubomi bayo bonke (ngaphandle kokuba ithenwe), okanye kwigadi encinci kakhulu.
• Kwiimozulu apho kungekho busika (kubanda) ayinakuphila. Nangona isisityalo esihlala siluhlaza, idinga amaqondo obushushu ehle ngaphantsi kwe 0 degrees ngaxesha lithile, kwaye ihlale ngaphantsi kwe 20ºC iinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ifuna ubuncinane bemvula engama-400mm ngonyaka ukuze ibe ngumthi ozinyamekelayo. Imelana nembalela kakuhle xa sele ineengcambu kwaye iqhelekile, kodwa ukuba inde kakhulu iba nobunzima.

Ngokusekelwe koku, ukhathalelo oludingayo lulandelayo:

Ubicación

Sisityalo esithi Ihlala ikhuliswa ngaphandle, kwaye kwindawo evelele ukukhanya kwelanga.. Nkqu neebhedi zembewu kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo ezivulelekileyo ukuze izithole zikhule ngokuchanekileyo kwasekuqaleni kobomi bazo.

Umhlaba kunye nomrhumi

Ikhula kakuhle kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba, kodwa ukuba uya kuba nayo embizeni iminyaka embalwa, kufuneka uyityale kwi-substrate ekhupha amanzi kakuhle (njenge enye), ekubeni iingcambu azixhasi umswakama obuninzi.

Ngokubhekiselele kumbhalisi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ahlawule entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ukuba iphantsi, ungagalela umgquba wenkomo kuwo, umzekelo; kwaye ukuba isembizeni, sebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi zendalo ephilayo, njenge-guano (iyathengiswa apha).

Unkcenkceshelo

Ngethuba lexesha elisebhodweni, kwaye kwiminyaka yokuqala ichitha emhlabeni kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe kaninzi ngeveki ehlotyeni. Ngokuchasene noko, unyaka wonke awuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuwunkcenkceshela ngaphezu kokuba umhlaba owomileyo ubonwa.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Nini kwaye njani ukunkcenkceshela imithi?

Ukuthena

Ayifuni nyani ukuthenwa, kodwa ukuba liza kukhulela embizeni, amasebe awo aya kuthenwa ekupheleni kwentlakohlaza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ezi zithenwa zingaphazamisi ubuhle bomthi, ukuba zingabonakali kakhulu.

Kuya kusoloko kungcono ukwenza imicu emincinci iminyaka emininzi kunokwenza unyaka omnye, kuba ukuba sikhetha umva, siya kubufutshane ubomi bomthi wethu. I-Quercus ilex. Kwakhona, kufuneka usebenzise izixhobo.

Ukuphindaphinda

Um-oki uphindaphindeka imbewu ebusika (kufuneka zibanda ukuze zikwazi ukuhluma), kwaye ukusika entwasahlobo.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Iyaxhathisa kakhulu, kodwa yinyani leyo ukungunda kunokukuchaphazela xa unamanzi amaninzi, okanye isibetho esaziwa ngokuba sisibetho inyongo ye-oki. Oku kokugqibela kubangela ukuba ama-bumps amancinci avele ngaphantsi kwamagqabi, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa Dryomia lichtensteini, oluluhlobo lwedriptha.

Ukuyilawula, into eyenziwayo kukuthena iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye ugcine umthi usempilweni kangangoko.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ixhasa phakathi kwe -15ºC ubuncinane kunye ne-40ºC ubuninzi.

Ucinga ntoni ngaye I-Quercus ilex?