Birch (Betula)

I<em>birch yenye yaloo mithi sinokuyifumana kummandla omkhulu osemantla weHemisphere. Inokukhula ngokukhawuleza, into enomdla kakhulu xa ityalwe egadini, kuba inika nomthunzi.

Nangona kufuneka ulumke ngeengcambu zayo kwaye uyityale kude nayo nayiphi na into enokwaphula okanye yonakalise, njengemibhobho umzekelo, Sisityalo ekulula ngaso ukuhombisa umhlaba.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu ze-birch

Igama elithi birch libhekiselele kuthotho lwemithi evuthulukayo (ngaphandle komnye, ohlala uluhlaza) yodidi lweBetula. Uninzi lwabo luphuma kuMntla weIkhweyitha, eYurophu, kuMntla Merika, naseAsia, kodwa kukho abathile abahlala kuMntla Afrika. Njengesiqhelo, Zizityalo ezifikelela kubude be-10 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha, kunye neziqu ezinokuthi zibe zodwa okanye isebe ukusuka kwisiseko, kunye ne-bark emhlophe.

Isithsaba sisoloko si-ovate, kwaye senziwe ngamagqabi amile okwedayimani. Ezi zilinganisa ukuya kwi-6 yeesentimitha ubude, kwaye ziluhlaza. Iintyatyambo zawo zingumfazi okanye inkunzi, zombini zivela kumthi omnye, kwaye ziluhlaza okanye zityheli, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo.

Iintlobo okanye iintlobo zeBetula

Ukuze wazi ngakumbi imithi ye-birch kwaye ukwazi ukukhetha ngcono iindidi ofuna ukuba nazo kwigadi yakho, siza kukwazisa ngezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwigadi:

betula pendula (ngaphambili betula alba)

Yeyona birch eqhelekileyo okanye yaseYurophu, nangona ikwafumaneka naseAsia. Iphuhlisa isiqu esithe tye kwaye esibhityileyo, malunga neesentimitha ezingama-40 ubukhulu, kunye nexolo elimhlophe elimsulwa. Ikhula ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha ukuphakama, yaye ekwindla amagqabi awo aba tyheli.

IBetula papyrifera

I-canoe birch okanye i-paper birch ngumthi odla ngokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20, kodwa unokugqithisa iimitha ezingama-35. Isiqu sinobude obungange 80 centimeters ububanzi, kwaye sinexolo elimhlophe. Ivela kuMntla Merika, kuquka neAlaska. Ithanda ingqele kakhulu, ngoko ifanelekile ukuba kwindawo apho ihlobo lipholile kwaye ukwindla nobusika bubanda.

I-Betula pubescens (ngaphambili IBetula celtiberica)

Yaziwa ngokuba yi-downy birch, kwaye inzalelwane yaseMantla eYurophu nakumantla eAsia. Ngoko ke, yeyona nto ifanelekileyo ekukhuleni kwimozulu epholileyo, apho ubusika bubanda. Ifikelela kubude obuziimitha ezili-10 ukuya kuma-30, kwaye inesiqu esibhityileyo esiziisentimitha ezingama-40-50 ubukhulu.. Ngexesha lokuwa, xa amaqondo okushisa eqala ukuhla, amaqabunga ayo ajika aphuzi kunye / okanye abomvu.

Betula nana

I-Dwarf birch sisihlahla esikhula kwingingqi yeArctic kuMntla Merika, kumantla Yurophu, naseAsia. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuyifumana eGreenland. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iBetula, Uhlala eluhlaza, ufikelela kubude obufikelela kwi-1,2 yeemitha. Ayilinywa kakhulu ezigadini, njengoko ifuna imozulu epholileyo ixesha elininzi enyakeni kwaye ibanda ebusika ukuze ikhule kakuhle.

Ibirch yenzelwe ntoni?

Sisityalo esidla ngokusetyenziswa nje kuphela mhlobiso. Inika umthunzi, kwaye egadini inokusetyenziswa njengothango olude. Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenze njengebhonsai, kuba iyakumela ukuthenwa kakuhle.

Kodwa ukusetyenziswa okuncinci okwaziwayo kuku amayeza. Ixolo lolunye uhlobo, njenge I-Betula pubescensZiqulethe i-betulinic acid, enokuthi isebenze kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Apha unalo ikhonkco kuphononongo olwenziweyo ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi. Ukongezelela, i-sap kunye namaqabunga alolu hlobo olufanayo lunokucoca, i-diuretic, i-anti-inflammatory, antiseptic kunye ne-astringent properties.

Ukongeza, i Birch Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iplywood okanye ifanitshala yangaphakathi.

Yintoni oyifunayo ukuze ukhule kakuhle?

Ibirch okanye iBetula sisityalo esithi, nangona sinesiqu esibhityileyo, iingcambu zaso zinde kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uyityale kwigadi enkulu, kuba encinci sinokugqiba iingxaki. Kodwa ukongeza, iimfuno zomthi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze ukhule kakuhle:

sezulu

Ngokufanelekileyo, imozulu kufuneka ibe nemozulu epholileyo, ihlobo elipholileyo kunye nobusika kunye neqabaka kunye nekhephu.. Ngoku ke betula pendula ewe, ingakhuliswa kwindawo apho ihlobo lishushu (35ºC) kunye neqabaka epholileyo (ukuya kutsho kwi -5ºC), kodwa akufuneki iswele amanzi.

Umhlaba

Umhlaba wegadi kufuneka ube mtsha, ube neasidi kancinci kwaye uchume. Kwimihlaba ye-limestone, amaqabunga ayo abe yi-chlorotic ngenxa yokungabikho kwentsimbi kwaye awele ngaphambi kwexesha.

Kwimeko apho ufuna ukuyigcina embizeni okwethutyana, kufuneka uyityale kwenye enemingxuma kwisiseko sayo, kunye ne-substrate yezityalo zeasidi (zithengiswayo. apha).

Unkcenkceshelo

i-betula ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo. Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ugcinwe ufumile ukuze ungomi. Kakade ke, kufuneka usebenzise amanzi emvula nanini na kunokwenzeka; Ngaphandle koko, unokukhetha ukusebenzisa enye enekalika encinci.

Umbhalisi

Kucetyiswa ukuchumisa i-birch ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Kule nto, ungasebenzisa iimveliso eziphilayo ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwayo, njenge-guano (ethengiswayo apha).

Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuphindaphindwa ngembewu. Ezi kufuneka zihlwayelwe ebusika, ekubeni ngale ndlela ziya kuntshula entwasahlobo.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ngumthi oxhathisa iqabaka ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ubuncinci, iyakwazi ukumelana ne-18ºC, kodwa iintlobo ezininzi zasentla ezifana Betula nana Ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-30ºC, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu.

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