UFicus

I-Ficus luhlobo lwezityalo ezibandakanya izityalo ezinkulu. Ezinye zeentlobo zingadlula i-30 yeemitha ubude kunye / okanye i-2 yeemitha ububanzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zihlala zibonwa ngakumbi kwiigadi ezinkulu, kwaye kungekhona kakhulu kwiincinci. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba zichacha kakuhle ekutheneni, kangangokuba azikho iindidi ezimbalwa ezisetyenziswa njengebhonsai.

Kodwa, zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeFicus ezilinywa kakhulu? Banyanyekelwa njani? Ndiza kuthetha ngale nto nangaphezulu ngezantsi.

Yintoni i-ficus?

I-Ficus ligama lohlobo apho malunga neentlobo ezingama-800 zemithi, amatyholo kunye nabakhweli. Yeyosapho lweMoraceae kunye nesizwe samaFiceae. Izityalo zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu kunye neendawo ezishushu zehlabathi., kodwa kukho abanye, njengeF. carica, abakhetha imozulu epholileyo, apho amaxesha amane onyaka ahlukeneyo. Ezi zamva ziyavuthuluka, njengoko ubusika bunokubanda kakhulu ukuba bungakwazi ukuzixhasa; endaweni yoko, ezokuqala zihlala ziluhlaza.

Uphawu lwayo oluphambili yi-latex equlethwe ngaphakathi.. Yinto enobisi, emhlophe ephuma enxebeni ebangelwa kukuthenwa, ngumoya okanye izilwanyana. Ukuba idibene nolusu, ibangela ukucaphuka kunye nokurhawuzelelwa, kodwa ezi mpawu zihlala zithomalalisa ngokuyihlamba ngesepha namanzi (ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha).

Into esiyibiza ngokuba sisiqhamo ikwayinkcukacha ezenza zibe zodwa. Ngokwenene Yintyatyambo eneentyatyambo ezingaphakathi kuyo. Ezi zikholisa ukuvuzwa luhlobo oluthile loonomeva, olusuka kusapho lwe-Agaonidae. Ndithi 'ngesiqhelo' kuba kukho iindidi okanye imihlanganisela engafuni naluphi na umvumvuzelwano.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, oonomeva ababhinqileyo bagqobhoza umkhiwane baze babeke amaqanda kwi-ovari yeentyatyambo. Xa ziqandusela, iinkunzi ezingenamaphiko zizala kunye neemazi ezithe cwaka, ngokungathi kunjalo, zilele, zize zifele ngaphakathi kwekhiwane. Xa iimazi zivuka, njengoko zinamaphiko, zinokuphuma ngaphandle kwengxaki ukuya kufuna ikhiwane apho zinokubeka khona amaqanda.

Iiklasi okanye iintlobo zeFicus

Kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-800 ze-Ficus ezikhoyo emhlabeni, zimbalwa kuphela ezikhula rhoqo kwiigadi (ewe, kubalulekile: ekubeni le yibhlog yemithi, sithetha kuphela ngeentlobo zemithi-kubandakanywa nezo ziqala ubomi babo njengeepiphytes- namatyholo, hayi abakhweli njenge UFicus uyabuya):

UFicus benghalensis

I-banyan okanye i-strangler fig tree sisityalo esihlala siluhlaza esiqala ubomi baso njenge-epiphyte, kwaye ekugqibeleni, xa iingcambu zawo zasemoyeni zichukumisa umhlaba, zithatha iingcambu kwaye zikhanyise (zibe yinkuni), zenze into efana nesiqu. Ibizwa ngegama layo kwindlela yokuphila: ukuba imbewu iyahluma, umzekelo, kwisebe lomthi, iyahluma, ikhule kwaye iingcambu zayo ziyayikrwitsha. Ekugqibeleni, umthi owawuwuxhasa uyafa uze ubole.

Ifumaneka eSri Lanka, eIndiya naseBangladesh. Inokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 yeemitha ukuphakama, kwaye zihlala iihektare ezininzi. Ikhuliswa kwindawo ezitshisayo kunye nemozulu eshushu, kuba ayizixhasi iqabaka.

UFicus benjamina

El UFicus benjamina Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza ovela e-Asiya kunye ne-tropical kunye ne-subtropical yase-Australia. Nangona iyenye yeentlobo ezincinci zeficus, sisityalo eso ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-15 ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga aluhlaza okanye ahlukeneyo, i-oval ngesimo kunye nokuphela kwinqanaba. Amakhiwane awo akukudla kweentaka.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo iindawo zabo zemvelaphi, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ayinakulinywa ngaphandle kwiindawo ezineqabaka. Kwindawo yam (emazantsi e-Mallorca), idla ngokugcinwa kwiimbiza kwiipatio ezigqunyiweyo, kodwa elona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi li--1,5ºC, lirekhodwa kuphela kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka (kwaye akusoloko kunjalo), kodwa nangona kunjalo Kuqhelekile ukuba ulahlekelwe ngamagqabi athile. Ngoko ke, ukuba kubanda kwindawo yakho, kungcono ukuba ube ne-greenhouse, okanye kwigumbi apho ukukhanya okukhulu kungena khona.

UFicus carica

El UFicus carica, okanye umkhiwane, Ngumthi ovuthulukayo ofikelela kubude obuziimitha ezisi-8. Amagqabi alobed, aluhlaza, kwaye alinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezingama-25 ubude ne-18 yeesentimitha ububanzi. Luhlobo oluvelisa amakhiwane anencasa eswiti, alungele ukutyiwa ngabantu.

Imvelaphi yayo ikuMzantsi-ntshona we-Asia, kodwa iye yavela kwindawo yeMeditera, apho ibilinywa khona kangangeenkulungwane. Iyamelana neqabaka ukuya -10ºC.

Ficus cyathistipula

Lihlahla elihlala liluhlaza elaziwa ngokuba ngumkhiwane waseAfrika. Ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-4 ukuphakama, kwaye inamagqabi e-obovate aluhlaza bumnyama obukhazimlayo. Amakhiwane ajikelezileyo, abuthubi butyheli okanye aluhlaza ngombala.

Ivela kwiindawo ezitshisayo zaseAfrika, ngoko inochuku kakhulu kwiqabaka. Ukuqwalasela ubungakanani bayo, inokuba yi-terrace emangalisayo okanye isityalo sepatio.

UFicus elastica (ngaphambili UFicus robusta)

El UFicus elastica Ngumthi onamagqabi amakhulu, kunye necala eliluhlaza elimenyezelayo elimnyama phezulu kunye necala elisezantsi le-matte. phuhlisa iingcambu zasemoyeni, kwaye isiqhamo saso ngokwenene i-inflorescence eluhlaza elinganisa i-1 centimeter. Yinzalelwane ye-ficus e-Assam (eIndiya), nakwintshona ye-Indonesia.

Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30 ubude kwaye iphuhlise isiqu esingangeemitha ezi-2 ububanzi.. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesityalo sangaphakathi kwimozulu epholileyo, kuba ngethamsanqa okanye ngelishwa ayimelani neqabaka.

UFicus lyrata (ngaphambili UFicus pandurata)

El UFicus lyrata Ngumthi osoloko uluhlaza oyinzalelwane yase Ntshona Afrika owaziwa ngokuba yi fiddle leaf fig tree. Inokulinganisa phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-15 yeemitha ukuphakama, kwaye inamagqabi aluhlaza anemilo eguquguqukayo apho i-apex, ebanzi, kunye ne-nerve eluhlaza ekhanyayo ephakathi ivelele.

Luhlobo lweficus olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuhlobisa iigadi ngaphandle kweqabaka, kunye nangaphakathi kwezindlu, iiofisi, njl. Obona bushushu buphantsi buyayixhasa yi-10ºC.

UFicus macrophylla

El UFicus macrophylla Ngumthi omkhulu ohlala uluhlaza owaziwa ngokuba ngumkhiwane waseAustralia okanye umthi wamakhiwane waseMoreton Bay. Ivela kwimpuma yeOstreliya, kwaye ikhula ifike kwiimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama. Ikholisa ukuvelisa iingcambu ezininzi zasemoyeni ezixhasa isithsaba. Le yokugqibela yenziwe ngamagqabi e-elliptic, malunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 ubude, kunye nohlaza obumnyama. Amakhiwane anomlinganiselo we 2 centimeters ububanzi kwaye amfusa xa evuthiwe.

Ludidi lomkhiwane onokuthi ulinywe kwindawo ezifudumeleyo, kuquka nommandla weMeditera. Imelana neqabaka epholileyo, ukuhla ukuya kwi -4ºC, ukufika ngexesha kunye nexesha elifutshane. Xa iselula idinga ukukhuselwa kwingqele.

UFicus maclellandii

El UFicus maclellandii Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza owaziwa ngokuba ngumthi womkhiwane wegqabi lebhanana okanye umthi womkhiwane uAlii ozalelwa eIndiya nase China. Inokulinganisa malunga neemitha ezingama-20 ubude, kodwa ekubeni ivakalelwa kakhulu kubanda, ngokuqhelekileyo igcinwe njengesityalo sangaphakathi kwimozulu epholileyo, apho kunzima kakhulu ukuba idlule iimitha ezi-3. Inayo i-lanceolate, incinci, amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iificus ezinobubanzi.

I'Alii' ngoyena mhlanganisela uxhaphakileyo. Ngokwam amava, ndinokuxelela ukuba ihambelana kakuhle kakhulu nokuhlala ngaphakathi kwindlu ngokukhanya okuninzi (kwendalo). Ndibeka eyam phambi kwefestile enkulu ejonge empuma, kwaye ikhula kakuhle. Kodwa ewe, ayingombono olungileyo ukuba nayo ngaphandle ngexesha lasebusika ukuba amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe-10ºCkuba yayiza kufa.

UFicus microcarpa (ngaphambili Ficus nitida, Ficus retusa)

El UFicus microcarpa Ngumthi obizwa ngokuba yi-Indian laurel okanye i-laurel ye-Indies ekhula ngokwemvelo kwi-Tropical Asia. Inokulinganisa ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-30 ubude, kwaye ube nesithsaba esingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-70 (kwiGadi yeBotanical yaseMenehune, eHawaii, kukho enye enemitha eyi-33 ukuphakama, kunye nesithsaba seemitha ezingama-53 ububanzi). Amagqabi mancinci, malunga neesentimitha ezi-76 ubude ne-6-2 yeesentimitha ububanzi, kwaye aluhlaza.

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-bonsai, kodwa xa imozulu ishushu okanye i-subtropical kwaye igadi inkulu, kunokwenzeka ukuyikhulisa njengomzekelo ozimeleyo. Iyakwazi ukumelana neqabaka epholileyo, efika ngexesha kunye neyexeshana elifutshane ukuya kutsho ku -1ºC, kodwa kungcono ungalahli ngaphantsi kwe-0 degrees.

Inkolo yenkolo

El Inkolo yenkolo Ngumthi oyinzalelwane yaseNepal, kumzantsi-ntshona weTshayina, iVietnam kunye ne-Indochina enokuthi ihlale iluhlaza okanye i-semi-deciduous ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu (ukuba kukho ixesha elomileyo okanye elibandayo, liya kuphulukana nenxalenye yamagqabi awo; ukuba endaweni yoko amaqondo obushushu ahlala ngaphandle utshintsho oluninzi unyaka wonke kwaye inetha rhoqo, amathuba okuba ayizi kuwawisa ngaxeshanye). Ikhula ifikelele kwiimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama, kwaye ayixhasi iqabaka.

UFicus rubiginosa (ngaphambili UFicus australis)

El UFicus rubiginosa Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza owaziwa ngokuba yi-banyan okanye iPort Jackson fig inzalelwane yasempuma yeOstreliya. Inokulinganisa iimitha ezingama-30 ubude, nangona into eqhelekileyo kukuba ayidluli kwiimitha ezili-10. Amagqabi awo a-ovate ukuya ku-elliptical, alinganisa i-10 yeesentimitha ubude kunye ne-4 yeesentimitha ububanzi, kwaye aluhlaza.

Sisityalo esivakalelwa kukuba yiqabaka, nto leyo ziya kuchuma ngcono kwiindawo ezishushu kunezo ezifudumeleyo njengeMeditera, emazantsi eSpain, ngokukodwa kwi Cádiz, kukho imizekelo emikhulu emininzi.

I-Ficus idibanisa

El I-Ficus idibanisa Sisityalo esihle esihlala siluhlaza esihlala e-Afrika, sona imi phakathi kweemitha ezi-3 ne-4 ubude. Amagqabi awo amile okwentliziyo, aluhlaza, kwaye anobude obungange 30 centimeters ubude ne 15 centimeters ububanzi.

Ukuba ufuna ukuyikhulisa, kubalulekile ukuba ibekwindawo engenaqabaka. Inovakalelo kakhulu kubanda, ke ukuba amaqondo obushushu ebusika ehla ngaphantsi kwe-18ºC, kufuneka agcinwe ngaphakathi endlwini.

Indlela yokunyamekela i-Ficus?

I-Ficuses idinga ukukhanya okukhulu, kwaye kungcono ukuba ithe ngqo, amaqondo obushushu ashushu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Kwaye abanakuswela amanzi, kunjalo, kodwa ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube ngcathu. Okulandelayo ndiza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi ukhathalelo ngokubanzi ekufuneka lunikezelwe:

• Ubicación: Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka babe ngaphandle, kodwa ukuba uhlobo olubanda kakhulu lukhulile kwaye iiqhwa zirekhodwa kwindawo yethu, kufuneka zikhuselwe ngaphakathi ebusika.
• Umhlaba: Umhlaba kufuneka uchume, kwaye ube nokukhupha amanzi kakuhle. Ukuba ikhule embizeni, ingatyalwa kwenye enomgangatho wenkcubeko ye-universal substrate, njengaleyo yeentyatyambo okanye i-Fertiberia brands.
• Unkcenkceshelo: ngokubanzi, kufuneka incenkceshelwe kabini ngeveki ngexesha lasehlotyeni, kwaye ebusika kanye ngeveki okanye zonke iintsuku ezili-2.
• Umbhalisi: kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlawule amaxesha amaninzi kulo lonke unyaka, ngakumbi ukuba kusembizeni. Ukwenza oku ungasebenzisa izichumisi eziphilayo, ezifana ne-compost okanye umgquba, okanye izichumisi ezingamanzi ezifana ne-universal yezityalo. Le yokugqibela inomdla wokuchumisa izityalo ezifakwe emanzini, njengoko zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye azithinteli ukukhupha amanzi.
• Ukuthena: ukuthena, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuya kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amasebe awomileyo naphukileyo kufuneka asuswe.
• Ukuphindaphinda: Ukusasaza ngembewu entwasahlobo-ehlobo kunye nokusikwa entwasahlobo.
• Ukutshintshwa: ukuba isembizeni, khumbula ukuyityala kwindawo enkulu rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3, entwasahlobo.

Ngaloo ndlela iya kukhula kakuhle.