Iloquat yenye yaloo mithi sinokuba nayo zombini kwigadi yeziqhamo nakwigadi yezityalo zokuhombisa.. Kwaye asithethi nje ngesityalo esineziqhamo ezidliwayo-kwaye simnandi, ngendlela-, kodwa enye, ngenxa yesithsaba sayo esishinyeneyo, ibonelela ngomthunzi omninzi. Yaye asinakukwazi ukuzilibala iintyatyambo zayo, ezinokuntshula ngokukhawuleza, ekwindla; eneneni, xa imozulu ivuma, iqalisa ukwenjenjalo phakathi kukaOktobha noNovemba.
Ngokungathi oko akonelanga, uyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu nokubanda, kwaye unesantya esikhawulezayo sokukhula ngenxa yokuntshula kwembewu. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba iqala ukuvelisa isiqhamo kwasebuncinaneni: ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, ndikholelwa ngokuqinileyo ukuba sisityalo esifanele ukulinywa kakhulu kunokuba sinjalo. Emva koko ndiza kukuxelela ukuba injani kwaye ifuna ukhathalelo olunjani.
Yintoni loquat?
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / JMK
Sisiqhamo esihlala siluhlaza inzalelwane yase China. Ukusuka kwelo lizwe yaziswa eJapan ngaphezu kwewaka leminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye apho sele ivele yendalo. Ifumana igama eliqhelekileyo le-medlar yaseJapan okanye i-medlar yaseJapan ukuyahlula kwi-medilar yaseYurophu (UMespilus germanica), kunye Sisityalo esifikelela kubude obumalunga neemitha ezili-10., nangona eyona nto iqhelekileyo ekulimeni kukuba ayidluli i-5-6 yeemitha, kuba idla ngokuchithwa ukuze iziqhamo zivuthwe ngcono.
Ikomityi ibanzi, inemilo engqukuva, kwaye yenziwe ngamagqabi a-oblong okanye a-elliptic, i-coriaceous, kunye nobukhulu obufikelela kwi-30 yeesentimitha ubude ukuya kwi-10 yeesentimitha ububanzi. Bane-pubescent underside, kunye nemithambo-luvo ephawulwe kakhulu.
Iibhloko ziwa. Iintyatyambo zihlanganiswe kwi-panicle malunga neesentimitha ezili-15 ubude, kwaye nganye yazo iphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 centimeters ububanzi, zimhlophe kwaye zivumba. Kubalulekile ukwazi oko ziihermaphrodites, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ufuna umfuziselo omnye kuphela ukuze uthwale isiqhamo. Ezi ziqhamo zivuthwa ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zimile okwepere, kwaye zilinganisa phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-6 yeesentimitha ubude. Ulusu lutyheli, orenji, okanye ngamanye amaxesha lubebomvu, kwaye inyama yayo imhlophe, tyheli, okanye iorenji kunye nencasa eswiti, yeasidi, okanye engaphantsi kweasidi.
Yintoni na?
Ukusetyenziswa okunikezelweyo kulo mthi zimbini: zokupheka kunye nokuhombisa. Makhe sithethe ngazo:
ukusetyenziswa kokupheka kunye neyeza
Ukusetyenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-loquat yaseJapan kukutya. Iziqhamo zinokutyiwa zikrwada.esandula ukukhiwa emthini. Ukuba uyathanda, kukwanokwenzeka ukuba uzitye zixutywe nezinye iziqhamo; unokwenza izimuncumuncu njengeekeyiki, okanye iwayini.
Ixabiso laso lesondlo ngokweegram ezili-100 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- IiCarbohydrate: 12,14g
- Ifayibha: 1,7g
- Amafutha: 0,20g
- Iiprotheni: 0,43g
- I-Vitamin A: 76 μg (i-8% yesixa esicetyiswayo semihla ngemihla)
- IVithamin B1: 0,019mg (1%)
- IVithamin B2: 0,024mg (2%)
- IVithamin B3: 0,180mg (1%)
- IVithamin B6: 0,100mg (8%)
- IVithamin C: 1mg (2%)
- Ikhalsiyam: 16mg (2%)
- Intsimbi: 0,28mg (2%)
- Magnesium: 12mg (3%)
- Iphosphorasi: 27mg (4%)
- Potassium: 266mg (6%)
- Isodium: 1mg (0%)
- IZinc: 0,05mg (1%)
Kuba nayo iluncedo njengeyeza, ekubeni umzekelo i-vitamin C iqinisa amajoni omzimba, kwaye i-fiber isinceda ngokutya. Ukongeza, i-iron ibalulekile ukuthintela ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia, isifo esinokuthi kwizigaba zaso zokuqala sikwenze buthathaka kancinci.
ETshayina, isiraphu ye-medlar ilungiswa ekwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinjengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa
Olunye usetyenziso olubaluleke kakhulu, nangona mhlawumbi lungaphantsi kokupheka, luhombisa. Ngumthi lowo inika umthunzi omninzi, ivelisa iintyatyambo ezinevumba elimnandi, kwaye inyamezela iqabaka kakuhle kakhulu. Ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, akufuni ngqalelo ekhethekileyo.
Idibanisa kakhulu nezinye izityalo, kwaye eyona nto ingcono kukuba ayinazo iingcambu ezihlaselayo. Enyanisweni, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uyityale kwiigadi ezincinci, apho kuya kunika umdla onomdla kakhulu we-tropical touch.
Luluphi ukhathalelo lwe-medlar?
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / JMK
Ukuba unobuganga bokuba ne-loquat yakho, nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi ukuze ilungile kwaye unokungcamla iziqhamo zayo:
Ubicación
Ngumthi lowo akufuneki nje ukuba ikhule ngaphandle, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ifakwe kwilanga elithe ngqo. Siya kwenza impazamo - ngokombono wam kakhulu - ukuba siyikhulise ngaphakathi okanye kwi-greenhouse, kuba akukho bushushu okanye iqabaka iyingozi, kunoko ngokuchaseneyo: ukuba ayizange ivakale ukuhamba kwamaxesha onyaka, ayinakuba nempilo. .
Umhlaba
Ayinyanzelisi. Ingakhula kumhlaba one-alkaline ngaphandle kwengxaki, kunye nakwezo zineasidi kancinane. Nokuba uya kuyigcina embizeni okwethutyana, ungabeka i-universal substrate kuyo (iyathengiswa. apha), esetyenziselwa izityalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo; nangona ndincoma ukuba usebenzise enye yegadi yasedolophini (iyathengiswa apha), equlethe izondlo eziya kuzifuna ukuze zikhule kakuhle kangangexesha elithile.
Unkcenkceshelo
Kufuneka unkcenkceshele amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ayingomthi umelana nembalela, kodwa ukukhukuliswa kwamanzi akukufanelanga nako. Ngokuba, Ndincoma ukunkcenkceshelwa kabini ngeveki ehlotyeni, okanye nokuba ntathu ukuba amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-30ºC kwaye umhlaba woma ngokukhawuleza.; kunye nesinye okanye ezimbini ngeveki unyaka wonke. Kufuneka sigalele amanzi kuyo de umhlaba okanye i-substrate imanzi kakhulu, kungenjalo ezinye iingcambu ziya kuhlala zingenawo amanzi.
Ukufuma
Loquat iyachuma kwiindawo apho ukufuma komoya kuphezulu, ngathi kufuphi nonxweme. Xa ikhuliswe kwindawo apho iphantsi, oko kukuthi, ngaphantsi kwe-50%, amagqabi ayoma. Ukunqanda oku, unokutshiza ngamanzi emvula xa ingasekho elangeni.
Umbhalisi
Kufanelekile ukuyichumisa ukusuka ekwindla, kulapho iqala ukuqhakaza, kude kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.. Kule nto, siya kusebenzisa izichumisi zemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nomgquba wezilwanyana ezidliwayo (amahashe, iinkomo, njl.), I-guano (ithengiswayo apha), ukujulwa kweentshulube (zithengiswa apha), umgquba.
Umnikelo weeveki ezimbini uya kukunceda uvelise iziqhamo ezininzi, kwaye ube sempilweni ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Ukuthena
Ayifuni nyani ukuthenwa. Kuphela amasebe omileyo okanye aphukileyo kufuneka asuswe. Ukuba ucinga ukuba kufanelekile, unokunciphisa ubude bezo zikhula ixesha elide emva kokuba iziqhamo zivuthwe, ngoJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukuphindaphindwa ngembewu, ezihluma kakuhle kakhulu entwasahlobo ukuba zityalwe embizeni enomhlaba wokutyala, kwaye zibekwe kwindawo enelanga. Ngamanye amaxesha iphinde imiliselwe, kodwa ukufumana isiqhamo, ukuxhunyelelwa akubalulekanga, kuba iintyatyambo ze-medlar ziyi-hermaphroditic.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo
Unokuba mealybugs, aphids kunye nefruit fly. Ezi zinambuzane zilwa nezitshabalalisi zendalo, ezifana nediatomaceous earth (zithengiswayo apha), okanye imigibe encangathi emthubi (iyathengiswa apha).
Ngokubhekiselele kwizifo, ichaphazela iloquat enamachokoza (I-Fusicladium eriobrotryae), okubangela ukuba amabala ajikelezayo ombala omnyama, phantse amnyama avele kumasebe kunye neziqhamo; kwaye i ibala elimfusa leyo, njengoko igama layo libonisa, ibangela ukubonakala kwamabala amfusa kwiziqhamo.
Eyokuqala inyangwa ngemichiza yokungunda esekwe elubhedu (iyathengiswa apha) ukusuka ekwindla; kwaye okwesibini ukubonelela nge-calcium kunye ne-zinc emthini, ekubeni ukungabikho kwezi zondlo yinto ebangela isifo.
Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza
I-medlar ithwala iqabaka ukuya kutsho kwi -12ºC, kwaye ishushu ukuya kuma-40ºC ukuba inamanzi.
Ngaba uyafuna ukuba ne-loquat yakho?