Birch (Betula)

Birch ndeimwe yemiti iyo yatinogona kuwana munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchamhembe kwehemisphere. Iine kukurumidza kukura, chinhu chinonakidza zvikuru kana yakasimwa mubindu, sezvo inopawo mumvuri.

Kunyangwe iwe uchifanirwa kuchenjerera nemidzi yaro uye kuidyara kure nechero chinhu chinogona kutyora kana kukuvadza, senge mapaipi semuenzaniso, Chirimwa chiri nyore kushongedza ivhu.

Origin uye unhu Birch

Izwi rekuti birch rinoreva nhevedzano yemiti inodonha (kunze kwemumwe chete, unogara wakasvibira) werudzi rweBetula. Vakawanda vanobva kuNorthern Hemisphere, Europe, North America, uye Asia, asi kune vamwe vanogara kuNorth Africa. Senguva dzose, Iwo zvirimwa zvinosvika kureba kwemamita gumi kusvika makumi matatu, ine hunde inogona kuva yega kana davi kubva pachigadziko, uye nemakwati machena.

Mukombe unenge unogara uine ovate, uye wakagadzirwa nemashizha akaita sedhaimani. Aya anoreba kusvika masendimita matanhatu, uye akasvibira. Maruva ayo ndeechikadzi kana rume, ese ari maviri anoonekwa pamuti mumwechete, uye akasvibira kana eyellow catkins, zvichienderana nerudzi.

Mhando kana mhando dzeBetula

Kuti iwe usvike pakuziva miti yebirch zvirinani uye kuti ugone kusarudza zvirinani zvakasiyana-siyana zvaunoda kuva nazvo mubindu rako, tiri kuzokuzivisa kune anonyanya kushandiswa mhando mukurima:

Betula pendula (pamberi betula alba)

Ndiyo yakajairika kana yeEurope birch, kunyangwe ichiwanikwawo muAsia. Inokura hunde yakatwasuka uye yakatetepa, yakakora masendimita makumi mana, ine makwati machena chaiwo. Inokura kusvika pamamita makumi mashanu pakureba, uye mumatsutso mashizha awo anoita yero.

Betula papyrifera

Chikepe chebirch kana bepa birch muti unowanzosvika mamita makumi maviri, asi unogona kudarika mamita makumi matatu nemashanu. Hunde yacho inosvika 80 centimita muhupamhi, uye ine makwati machena. Inowanikwa kuNorth America, kusanganisira Alaska. Inofarira kutonhora zvakanyanya, saka zvakanaka kuve munzvimbo dzine kutonhora uye matsutso nechando zvinotonhora.

Betula pubescens (pamberi Betula celtiberica)

Iyo inozivikanwa se downy birch, uye inowanikwa kuchamhembe kweEurope uye kuchamhembe kweAsia. Saka, ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera kukura mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, uko kunotonhora kwechando. Inosvika kureba kwemamita gumi kusvika makumi matatu, uye ine hunde mutete 10-30 masendimita gobvu.. Munguva yekudonha, apo kutonhora kunotanga kudonha, mashizha ayo anoshanduka yellow uye / kana tsvuku.

Betula nana

Dwarf birch igwenzi rinokura munharaunda yeArctic yeNorth America, kuchamhembe kweEurope, neAsia. Zvinogoneka zvakare kuiwana muGreenland. Kusiyana nemamwe maBetula, anogara akasvibira, anosvika pakureba kusvika pamamita 1,2. Hairimwe zvakanyanya mumagadheni, sezvo inoda mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera kwenguva yakareba yegore uye kutonhora muchando kuti ikure zvakanaka.

Chii chinonzi birch?

Chirimwa chinowanzoshandiswa chete zvishongo. Inopa mumvuri, uye mubindu inogonawo kushandiswa seruzhowa rurefu. Zvinotogoneka kushanda sebhonsai, nekuti inoshivirira kuchekerera zvakanaka.

Asi kushandiswa kushoma kunozivikanwa ndiko mishonga. Makwati emamwe marudzi, akadai Betula pubescens, ine betulinic acid, inogona kushanda pakurwisa mamwe marudzi egomarara. Pano une chinongedzo chekudzidza chakaitwa kuitira kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda. Mukuwedzera, muto uye mashizha emhando imwechete iyi ine kuchenesa, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic uye astringent properties.

Mukuwedzera, iyo Birch Inoshandiswa kugadzira plywood kana mukati fenicha.

Chii chaunoda kuti ukure zvakanaka?

Birch kana Betula chirimwa icho, kunyangwe chine hunde yakatetepa, midzi yayo yakareba kwazvo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kudyara mubindu guru, sezvo mune zviduku tinogona kuguma nezvinetso. Asi nekuwedzera, zvinodiwa zvemuti zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti ukure zvakanaka:

Climate

Zvakanaka, mamiriro ekunze anofanira kunge ari pakati nepakati, ane zhizha rakapfava uye chando chine chando nechando.. Iye zvino Betula pendula hongu, inogona kurimwa munzvimbo dzinopisa (35ºC) uye chando chiri munyoro (kudzika kusvika -5ºC), asi haifanirwe kushaya mvura.

Pasi

Ivhu rebindu rinofanira kuva rakachena, rine acidic zvishoma uye rakaorera. Muvhu reraimu, mashizha ayo anova chlorotic nekuda kwekushayikwa kwesimbi uye anodonha nguva isati yakwana.

Kana iwe uchida kuichengeta muhari kwechinguva, unofanirwa kuidyara mune imwe ine maburi pachigadziko chayo, ine substrate yemiti yeasidhi (inotengeswa. pano).

Kudiridza

betula inoda kugara ichidiridza. Zvakakosha kuti ivhu rigare rakanyorova kuti risaoma. Zvechokwadi, unofanira kushandisa mvura inonaya pose pazvinobvira; Zvikasadaro, unogona kusarudza kushandisa imwe ine lime shoma.

Vanyoreri

Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa manyowa birch kubva muchirimo kusvika pakupera kwezhizha. Nokuda kweizvi, unogona kushandisa organic products izvo zvinokurudzira kukura kwayo, senge guano (inotengeswa pano).

Kuwanza

Inowanza nembeu. Idzi dzinofanira kudyarwa muchando, sezvo nenzira iyi dzichamera muchirimo.

Rusticity

Ndiwo muti unopikisa chando pasina matambudziko. Zvirinani, inoshingirira kusvika -18ºC, asi mamwe marudzi ekuchamhembe akadai se Betula nana Vanomira -30ºC, pamwe kutonyanya.

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