Umuthi we-oki waseHolm (Quercus ilex)

El I-Quercus ilex Isihlahla esiqinile futhi esimelana kakhulu.. Nakuba ikhula kancane, iwuhlobo olukwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esimaphakathi nesomiso. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, inomqhele ominyene kangangokuthi inikeza umthunzi omningi, into ngokungangabazeki ejatshulelwa phakathi nezinsuku lapho ukushisa kunamandla kakhulu.

Sengathi lokho akwanele, izithelo zawo esizazi ngegama elithi ama-acorns ziwukudla okumnandi ngemva kokuwuthosa (akumele nakancane zidliwe ziluhlaza, ngoba uma senza kanjalo, singagcina siphethwe yisisu okungenani). Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, isihlahla sengadi noma, uma uthanda, isihlahla sezithelo, esizokwenza izinsuku zethu zijabule kakhulu. Ake sazi.

Unjani I-Quercus ilex?

El I-Quercus ilex Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esihlala esifundeni saseMedithera, esaziwa kakhulu ngamagama ajwayelekile e-oki, i-holm oak noma i-chaparro, lesi sakamuva esisetshenziswa kabanzi eningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Ifinyelela ubude obuphakathi kuka-15 no-25 wamamitha, kuye ngezimo zezwe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, nemvula; ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho linetha kancane noma elincane kakhulu lizohlala liphansi kunalezo lapho lina khona kakhulu.

Umqhele wayo uyindilinga futhi ubanzi, futhi wakhiwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza nasikhumba, ahlala esitshalweni isilinganiso seminyaka engu-3 kuze kube yilapho kancane kancane eshintshwa amasha. I-monoecious, inezimbali zesilisa nezimbali zesifazane kumfanekiso ofanayo.. Owokuqala angama-catkin aphuzi athambile ekuqaleni futhi ansundu lapho esevuthiwe; ezinsikazi zihluma eziqwini ezilengayo, zincane futhi ziphuzi.

Izithelo zayo, ama-acorns, zilinganiselwa kumasentimitha angu-2 futhi zinsundu ngokumnyama.. Isihloko sayo sibukhali, into eyihlukanisayo kwezinye iQuercus, futhi ivuthwa ekwindla nobusika. Kuyisihlahla esiqala ukuthela izithelo lapho sineminyaka engu-15 ubudala, inqobo nje uma isimo sezulu nesimo senhlabathi sivuma.

Kuyini?

I-oki isetshenziswa kaningi. Sesikushilo okukodwa, okudliwayo, kodwa kukhona okunye okuthokozisayo ukwazi:

• Umhlobiso: Kusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwabantu. Kuyisihlahla esinikeza umthunzi omnandi kakhulu, opholile futhi ominyene.
• Ukudla: ama-acorns amnandi kakhulu awukudla kwemfuyo, kodwa futhi nabantu. Siwadla ngemva kokuwagcoba. Ufulawa nawo wenziwa futhi usetshenziselwa ukwenza isinkwa.
• Ukushiswa kwesikhumba: Amagxolo akhona anothe ngama-tannins, asetshenziswa embonini yesikhumba.
• ukubulala amagciwane ezilonda: Uma amagxolo ehlanganiswe namaqabunga agayiwe nezithelo, bese ephekwa, kutholakala into engasetshenziswa ukuphulukisa izilonda.
• Madera: Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye okumele zimelane nokungqubuzana okuningi, njengamasondo emoto, isibonelo, noma amathuluzi.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

I-oki, noma I-Quercus ilex, ingenye yezihlahla ezivame kakhulu eMedithera Spain. Itholakala ikakhulukazi enhlonhlweni, kodwa naseziqhingini zaseBalearic. Lokhu akukuvimbi ukuthi kubonakale ezingadini eziningi; Akumangalisi ukuthi imelana nokushisa kanye namazinga okushisa angaphansi kukaziro. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi izinto ezimbalwa zicatshangelwe ukuze zingaveli izinkinga:

• Yisihlahla esidinga indawo. Ikhula kancane, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi singayikhulisa ebhodweni impilo yayo yonke (ngaphandle uma ithenwa), noma engadini encane kakhulu.
• Ezimweni lapho bungekho khona ubusika (kubanda) ayikwazi ukuphila. Nakuba kuyisitshalo esihlala siluhlaza, sidinga amazinga okushisa ehle ngaphansi kuka-0 degrees ngesikhathi esithile, futhi sihlale ngaphansi kuka-20ºC izinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Idinga okungenani imvula engu-400mm ngonyaka ukuze ibe isihlahla esizinakekelayo. Imelana nesomiso kahle uma isigxilile futhi isijwayele, kodwa uma iyinde kakhulu iba nesikhathi esinzima.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukunakekelwa okudingayo yilokhu okulandelayo:

Indawo

Kuyinto isitshalo ukuthi Ihlala itshalwa ngaphandle, futhi endaweni echayeke elangeni eliqondile.. Ngisho nemibhede yembewu kufanele ibekwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ukuze izithombo zikhule ngendlela efanele kusukela ekuqaleni kwempilo yazo.

Umhlaba kanye obhalisile

Ikhula kahle cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi, kodwa uma uzoba nayo ebhodweni iminyaka embalwa, kufanele uyitshale endaweni engaphansi ekhipha amanzi kahle (njengokuthi lokhu), ngoba izimpande azisekeli umswakama owedlulele.

Ngokuqondene nobhalisile, kuhle ukuyikhokha entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Uma iphansi, ungafaka umquba wenkomo kuwo, isibonelo; futhi uma isebhodweni, sebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi wemvelo yemvelo, njenge-guano (iyathengiswa lapha).

Ukunisela

Ngesikhathi esebhodweni, futhi phakathi neminyaka yokuqala ichitha emhlabathini kufanele iniselwe izikhathi eziningana ngesonto ehlobo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, unyaka wonke ngeke kudingeke uwunisele kakhulu kunalapho kubonakala umhlabathi owomile.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Nini futhi kanjani ukuchelela izihlahla?

Izihlahla

Ayidingi ngempela ukuthenwa, kodwa uma izomila ebhodweni, amagatsha awo kuyodingeka athenwe ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lezi zihlahla zingaphazamisi ubuhle besihlahla, ukuthi zingabonakali kakhulu.

Kuyoba ngcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza ukusikeka okuncane iminyaka eminingi kunokwenza ukuthena okunamandla unyaka owodwa, ngoba uma sikhetha lesi sakamuva, ngokuqinisekile sizofinyeza impilo yesihlahla sethu. I-Quercus ilex. Futhi, kufanele usebenzise amathuluzi.

Ukuphindaphinda

I-oki iphindaphindeka imbewu ebusika (kufanele kubande ukuze bakwazi ukuhluma), futhi ukusika entwasahlobo.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Iyamelana kakhulu, kodwa kuyiqiniso lokho isikhunta singakuthinta uma unamanzi amaningi, noma isifo esaziwa ngokuthi inyongo ye-oki. Lesi sakamuva sidala ukuthi amaqhubu amancane avele ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwamaqabunga I-Dyomia lichtensteini, okuwuhlobo lwe-dripter.

Ukuwulawula, okwenziwayo ukuthena izingxenye ezithintekile, futhi ugcine isihlahla sinempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isibindi

Isekela phakathi kuka -15ºC ubuncane kanye no-40ºC esiphezulu.

Ucabangani ngaye I-Quercus ilex?