UFicus

I-Ficus iwuhlobo lwezitshalo ezihlanganisa izitshalo ezinkulu. Ezinye zezinhlobo zingadlula amamitha angama-30 ubude kanye/noma amamitha ama-2 ububanzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zivame ukubonakala kakhulu ezingadini ezinkulu, hhayi kakhulu ezincane. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi alulama kahle ekutheneni, kangangokuthi azikho izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa njenge-bonsai.

Kodwa yiziphi izinhlobo ze-ficus ezitshalwa kakhulu? Banakekelwa kanjani? Ngizokhuluma ngalokhu nokunye ngezansi.

Iyini i-ficus?

I-Ficus yigama lohlobo lapho kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-800 zezihlahla, izihlahlana neziqwali. Ingowomndeni wakwaMoraceae kanye nesizwe samaFiceae. Izitshalo zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo emhlabeni., kodwa kukhona abanye, njenge-F. carica, abakhetha isimo sezulu esipholile, lapho izinkathi ezine zonyaka zihluke khona. Lezi zamuva ziyavuthuluka, njengoba ubusika bungabanda kakhulu ukuba bungakwazi ukubusekela; esikhundleni salokho, ezokuqala zihlala ziluhlaza.

Isici sayo esiyinhloko yi-latex equkethe ngaphakathi.. Iwubisi, into emhlophe ephuma enxebeni ebangelwa ukuthenwa, umoya, noma izilwane. Uma ihlangana nesikhumba, ibangela ukucasuka nokuluma, kodwa lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zithuliswa ngokuyigeza ngensipho namanzi (uma kungenjalo, kufanele ubone udokotela).

Lokhu esikubiza ngokuthi isithelo nakho kuyimininingwane eyenza zibe yingqayizivele. Empeleni i-inflorescence ezimbali zayo zingaphakathi kwayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthwa impova wuhlobo olukhethekile lomnyovu, ophuma emndenini wakwa-Agaonidae. Ngithi 'ngokuvamile' ngoba kunezinhlobo noma izimila ezingadingi noma iyiphi impova.

Uma kudingeka, iminyovu yesifazane ingena emkhiwaneni futhi izalele amaqanda ezikhiqiza amaqanda ezimbali. Lapho zichanyuselwa, amaduna angenamaphiko azala kanye nezinsikazi ezithule, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, zilele, bese zifela ngaphakathi ekhiwaneni. Lapho ezinsikazi zivuka, njengoba zinamaphiko, zingahamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga ziyofuna ikhiwane lapho zingabekela khona amaqanda.

Amakilasi noma izinhlobo ze-Ficus

Ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kuka-800 ze-Ficus ezikhona emhlabeni, ezimbalwa kuphela ezivame ukutshalwa ezingadini (yebo, kubalulekile: njengoba lena ibhulogi yezihlahla, sikhuluma kuphela ngezinhlobo zezihlahla -kuhlanganise nalezo eziqala ukuphila kwazo njengama-epiphyte- nezihlahlana, hhayi abaqwali njengalezi UFicus uyabuya):

UFicus benghalensis

I-banyan noma i-strangler fig tree isitshalo esihlala siluhlaza esiqala ukuphila kwaso njenge-epiphyte, futhi ekugcineni, lapho izimpande zaso zasemoyeni zithinta phansi, zimila izimpande futhi zikhanye (zibe yizinkuni), zenze into efana nesiqu. Iqanjwe indlela yayo yokuphila: uma imbewu ihluma, isibonelo, egatsheni lesihlahla, iyahluma, ikhule futhi izimpande zayo ziyiklinywe. Ekugcineni, isihlahla esasisisekela siyafa futhi sibole.

Itholakala eSri Lanka, eNdiya naseBangladesh. Ingalingana ngamamitha ayi-20 ukuphakama, futhi ithatha amahektha amaningana. Itshalwa ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo, ngoba ayisekeli isithwathwa.

UFicus benjamina

El UFicus benjamina Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esidabuka e-Asia kanye ne-tropical and subtropical Australia. Nakuba kungenye yezinhlobo ezincane ze-ficus, isitshalo esinjalo ifinyelela kumamitha angama-15 ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga aluhlaza noma ahlukahlukene, amise okweqanda futhi agcina ngephuzu. Amakhiwane awo awukudla kwezinyoni.

Uma kubhekwa izindawo abasuka kuzo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ayikwazi ukutshalwa ngaphandle ezindaweni ezineqhwa. Endaweni yangakithi (eningizimu ye-Mallorca), kuvame ukugcinwa ezimbizeni ezisemagcekeni amboziwe, kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke lingu -1,5ºC, libhalwa kanye kuphela noma kabili ngonyaka (hhayi njalo), kodwa noma kunjalo Kujwayelekile lahlekelwa amanye amaqabunga. Ngakho-ke, uma kubanda endaweni yangakini, kungcono ukuyifaka ku-greenhouse, noma ekamelweni lapho kungena khona ukukhanya okuningi.

UFicus carica

El UFicus carica, noma umkhiwane, Kuyisihlahla esinamaqabunga esifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-8. Amaqabunga aluhlaza, futhi anobude obungamasentimitha angama-25 no-18 ububanzi. Iwuhlobo olukhiqiza amakhiwane anambitheka kamnandi, alungele ukudliwa abantu.

Umsuka wayo useNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, kodwa usuvele waba ngokwemvelo esifundeni saseMedithera, lapho isilinywe khona amakhulu eminyaka. Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -10ºC.

I-Ficus cyathistipula

Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esaziwa ngokuthi isihlahla samakhiwane sase-Afrika. Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-4 ukuphakama, futhi inamaqabunga e-obovate aluhlaza ngokumnyama acwebezelayo. Amakhiwane ayi-globular, aphuzi ngokuphaphathekile noma anombala oluhlaza okotshani.

Itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, ngakho-ke izwela kakhulu eqhweni. Uma ucabangela ubukhulu bayo, kungaba ithala elimangalisayo noma isitshalo se-patio.

UFicus elastica (ngaphambi UFicus robusta)

El UFicus elastica Kuyisihlahla esinamaqabunga amakhulu, esinohlangothi olungaphezulu olucwebezelayo oluluhlaza okumnyama kanye nohlangothi oluphansi lwe-matte. ukuthuthukisa izimpande zasemoyeni, futhi isithelo saso empeleni siyi-inflorescence eluhlaza esilinganisa isentimitha elingu-1. I-ficus edabuka e-Assam (India), nasentshonalanga ye-Indonesia.

Ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama futhi ikhule isiqu esingafika kumamitha ama-2 ububanzi.. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesitshalo sasendlini ezindaweni ezipholile, ngoba ngenhlanhla noma ngeshwa ayimelani nesithwathwa.

UFicus lyrata (ngaphambi UFicus pandurata)

El UFicus lyrata Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esidabuka eNtshonalanga Afrika esaziwa ngokuthi isihlahla somkhiwane. Ingalinganisa ubude obuphakathi kuka-12 no-15 wamamitha, futhi inamaqabunga aluhlaza anomumo oguquguqukayo lapho i-apex, ebanzi, nenzwa emaphakathi eluhlaza okukhanyayo igqama.

Kuwuhlobo lwe-ficus olusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlobisa izingadi ngaphandle kwesithwathwa, kanye nengaphakathi lezindlu, amahhovisi, njll. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elisekelayo lingu-10ºC.

UFicus macrophylla

El UFicus macrophylla Isihlahla esikhulu esihlala siluhlaza esaziwa ngokuthi isihlahla somkhiwane sase-Australia noma isihlahla somkhiwane saseMoreton Bay. Itholakala empumalanga ye-Australia, futhi ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ama-20 ukuphakama. Ivame ukukhiqiza izimpande eziningi zasemoyeni ezisekela umqhele. Lesi sakamuva sakhiwe amaqabunga ayi-elliptical, cishe amasentimitha angu-30 ubude, futhi aluhlaza okumnyama. Amakhiwane alinganisa amasentimitha angu-2 ububanzi futhi ansomi uma esevuthiwe.

Iwuhlobo lwesihlahla somkhiwane esingatshalwa ezindaweni ezifudumele, okuhlanganisa nesifunda saseMedithera. Imelana nesithwathwa esipholile, kuze kufike ku -4ºC, igcina isikhathi kanye neyesikhathi esifushane. Uma isencane idinga ukuvikeleka emakhazeni.

UFicus maclellandii

El UFicus maclellandii Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esaziwa ngokuthi isihlahla somkhiwane seqabunga likabhanana noma isihlahla somkhiwane i-Alii esidabuka eNdiya naseShayina. Ingakala cishe ngamamitha angama-20 ukuphakama, kodwa njengoba izwela kakhulu emakhazeni, ivame ukugcinwa njengesitshalo sasendlini ezindaweni ezipholile, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuthi idlule amamitha angu-3. Inamaqabunga ama-lanceolate, mncane, aluhlaza okotshani, ngokungafani namanye ama-ficus anamabala abanzi.

I-'Alii' iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ngokwami ​​isipiliyoni, ngingakutshela ukuthi ijwayela kahle kakhulu nokuhlala endlini enokukhanya okuningi (kokwemvelo). Ngibeka elami phambi kwefasitela elikhulu elibheke empumalanga, futhi likhula kahle impela. Kodwa yebo, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuba nayo ngaphandle ngesikhathi sasebusika uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-10ºCngoba lizakufa.

UFicus microcarpa (ngaphambi Ficus nitida, Ficus retusa)

El UFicus microcarpa Isihlahla esibizwa ngokuthi i-Indian laurel noma i-laurel yase-Indies esimila ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia. Ingakala ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-30 ubude, futhi abe nomqhele ongaphezu kwamamitha angu-70 (e-Menehune Botanical Garden, eHawaii, kunomunye ongamamitha angu-33 ukuphakama, nomqhele wamamitha angu-53 ububanzi). Amaqabunga mancane, cishe amasentimitha angu-76 ubude no-6-2 amasentimitha ububanzi, futhi aluhlaza.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-bonsai, kepha lapho isimo sezulu sishisa noma sishisa kakhulu futhi ingadi inkulu, kungenzeka ukuyikhulisa njengesibonelo esizimele. Ingakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esithambile, esifika ngesikhathi kanye nesithwathwa sesikhashana esifinyelela ku -1ºC, kepha kungcono ukuthi ungehli ngaphansi kuka-0 degrees.

I-ficus yezenkolo

El I-ficus yezenkolo Isihlahla esidabuka eNepal, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina, eVietnam nase-Indochina esingahlala siluhlaza noma sihlume kancane kuye ngesimo sezulu (uma kunenkathi eyomile noma ebandayo, sizolahlekelwa ingxenye yamaqabunga aso; uma kunalokho amazinga okushisa ehlala ngaphandle ushintsho oluningi unyaka wonke futhi linetha njalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke liwawise kanyekanye). Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angu-30 ukuphakama, futhi ayisekeli isithwathwa.

UFicus rubiginosa (ngaphambi UFicus australis)

El UFicus rubiginosa Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esaziwa ngokuthi i-banyan noma i-Port Jackson fig edabuka empumalanga ye-Australia. Ikwazi ukukala amamitha angu-30 ubude, nakuba kujwayelekile ukuthi ingeqi amamitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga awo amise okweqanda ukuya ku-elliptical, anobude obungamasentimitha ayi-10 no-4 ububanzi, futhi aluhlaza.

Kuyisitshalo esizwela isithwathwa, okuyinto izochuma kangcono ezindaweni ezishisayo kunezifudumele njengeMedithera, eningizimu yeSpain, ikakhulukazi e Cádiz, kunezibonelo eziningana ezinkulu.

I-Ficus isitshalo

El I-Ficus isitshalo Kuyisihlahla esihle esihlala siluhlaza esidabuka e-Afrika, sona ime phakathi kwamamitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-3 ubude. Amaqabunga awo amise okwenhliziyo, aluhlaza, futhi anobude obungamasentimitha angama-30 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15.

Uma ufuna ukuyikhulisa, kubalulekile ukuthi ibe sendaweni engenasithwathwa. Izwela kakhulu emakhazeni, ngakho-ke uma izinga lokushisa lasebusika lehla ngaphansi kuka-18ºC, kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi endlini.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-ficus?

I-Ficuses idinga ukukhanya okuningi, futhi kungcono uma izinga lokushisa eliqondile, elifudumele kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Futhi ngeke baswele amanzi, yebo, kodwa ukuchelela kufanele kube okusesilinganisweni. Okulandelayo ngizokutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukunakekelwa okuvamile okufanele kuhlinzekwe:

• Indawo: Ngokufanelekile, kufanele zibe ngaphandle, kodwa uma uhlobo olungezwani nokubanda lukhulile futhi isithwathwa sirekhodwa endaweni yethu, kufanele sivikelwe endlini ngesikhathi sasebusika.
• Umhlaba: umhlabathi kufanele uvundile, futhi ube nokugeleza okuhle kwamanzi. Uma ikhule ebhodweni, ingatshalwa endaweni eyodwa enekhwalithi ephezulu yesiko lomhlaba wonke, njengaleyo yohlobo lwe-Flower noma i-Fertiberia.
• Ukunisela: ngokuvamile, kufanele iniselwe kabili ngeviki ehlobo, futhi ebusika kanye ngesonto noma njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2.
• Umbhalisile: kuhle ukuyikhokha izikhathi eziningana unyaka wonke, ikakhulukazi uma isebhodweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu ungasebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo, ofana nomquba noma umquba, noma umanyolo owuketshezi njengowomhlaba wonke wezitshalo. Lezi zokugcina ziyathakazelisa ukuvundisa izitshalo ezinamabhodwe, njengoba zisebenza ngokushesha futhi azivimbeli ukugeleza kwamanzi.
• Izihlahla: ukuthena, uma kunesidingo, kuzokwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amagatsha omile futhi aphukile kufanele asuswe.
• Ukuphindaphinda: Sabalalisa ngembewu entwasahlobo-ehlobo kanye nokusikwa entwasahlobo.
• Ukufakelwa: uma isebhodweni, khumbula ukuyitshala kwenkulu njalo ngemva kweminyaka emi-2 noma emithathu, entwasahlobo.

Ngaleyo ndlela izokhula kahle.