I-Beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Ibhitshi ngumthi ovuthulukayo

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Dominicus Johannes Bergsma

Ibhichi ngomnye wemithi evuthulukayo eyenza uhlobo lwehlathi laseYurophu elinobuhle obumangalisayo nobungangamsha.: ihlathi le beech. Esi sityalo, esithatha ixesha laso ukukhula, sinobomi obude ngokufanelekileyo, malunga neminyaka engama-300; ewe, ewe, ukuba imozulu iyaqhubeka inobubele kuye kwaye akakhathazwa nayiphi na ingxaki enkulu.

Ayilohlobo lomthi ofanele ukubekwa kwigadi encinci, kodwa inyaniso kukuba kwezo zinkulu unokuba ngumzekelo ofanele uwuthande.

Loluphi uhlobo lomthi ibhitshi?

I-beech ngumthi waseYurophu

Umfanekiso - IFlickr / iThala leeNcwadi leThala

I-beech, igama layo lezesayensi Ifagus sylvatica, Ngumthi onamagqabi avuthulukayo ubude bawo bufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-40.. Isiqu sayo sithe tye kwaye somelele, sinexolo eligudileyo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo amasebe kumgama omde ukusuka emhlabeni. Isithsaba saso sijikelezwe ukuba sikhula kude neminye imithi, ngaphandle koko iba yincinci kwaye ingaqhelekanga, eyenzekayo, umzekelo, ehlathini.

Amagqabi alula, angumbhoxo, kwaye aluhlaza, nangona etshintsha umbala ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa.. Ebudeni belo xesha lonyaka, ziyayeka ukutyiswa zize zibe tyheli zize zibe mdaka. Kwakhona, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba, malunga ne-beech trunk, kunzima ukuba into ethile ikhule, ekubeni isithsaba sayo sithintela ukukhanya okwaneleyo ukufikelela emhlabeni.

Luhlobo olune- monoecious, oko kukuthi, zombini iintyatyambo zenkunzi nemazi zifumaneka kumzekelo omnye. Ihlumela langaphambili ngamaqela angama-3-4 ukusuka kwi-peduncle emfutshane, kwaye iphuzi; eyokugqibela, kwelinye icala, nayo ihluma ngokwamaqela, kodwa ikwenza oko kwi-peduncle ende nejinga kancinci.

Iintlobo ze-Beech kunye nemihlanganisela

I-beech ngumthi ngokwawo mhle kakhulu, kodwa namhlanje iintlobo kunye nemihlanganisela zithengiswa ezihombise ngakumbi, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ezifana nezi:

  • IFagus sylvatica var asplenifolia: amagqabi awo ahluke ngokupheleleyo kulawo ebhichi eqhelekileyo: made, kwaye anencam ejijekileyo.
  • I-Fagus sylvatica var atropurpurea: njengoko igama layo libonisa, inamagqabi amfusa. Kodwa qaphela: ngexesha lasehlotyeni banokuba luhlaza-obomvu.
  • IFagus sylvatica var pendula: Luhlobo olunembonakalo yokulila.
  • Fagus sylvatica var. tortuous: luhlobo olune-trunk ene-tortuous, ebonakalayo kwimizekelo yabantu abadala (kunzima kakhulu ukubona kwabancinci).
  • IFagus sylvatica 'Roseomarginata': Ngumthi onamagqabi aluhlaza bumnyama kunye nemiphetho epinki.

Lithini igama lesiqhamo se beech?

Isiqhamo sinobume obungqukuva kwaye sivuleka sibe zivalvu ezine, ziveze phakathi kwembewu eyi-1 ukuya kweye-3, eyona ixhaphakileyo yi-2, emile okwe tetrahedron kwaye iyatyiwa. Ezi zaziwa ngamagama ka imasti yeebhitshi.

Ukhula phi umthi we beech?

Ihlathi le-beech lihlathi le-beech

Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Nikanos

Ibhichi ngumthi lowo ikhula zasendle kwimimandla yaseYurophu enemozulu epholileyo kunye nomhlaba opholileyo, ochumileyo. Singayifumana eGrisi, eSweden, eNorway, eJamani (njengasehlathini eliMnyama), okanye naseSpain. Kwilizwe lethu, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ihlathi lase-Irati eNavarra, apho labelana khona ngendawo yokuhlala enzonzobileni alba (ezokuqala).

Sisityalo esingabunyamezeliyo ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye imbalela. Ngesi sizathu, sinokubona kuphela iisampulu ezisempilweni nezihle ngenene kwezo ndawo apho amaqondo obushushu ahlala epholile ehlotyeni, nalapho imvula inetha rhoqo.

Isebenzisa ntoni?

I-beech ngokucacileyo inomsebenzi mhlobiso. Nangona, njengoko sesitshilo, ngumthi omkhulu odinga indawo eninzi, uhombisa kakhulu; kangangokuba eyona nto ilungileyo kukuyityala yodwa, kude nezinye izityalo ezinokuthi ziyikhathaze.

Olunye usetyenziso olubalulekileyo edliwayo. Ii beechnuts zingatyiwa ngaphandle kwengxaki, kodwa zikwasetyenziswa njengesondlo semfuyo.

Indlela yokunyamekela i-beech?

Ibhitshi ngumthi ovuthulukayo

Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Unai.mdldm // IFagus sylvatica 'Asplenifolia'

Ngumthi okhula kade, nokuba sifuna kangakanani na ukuba nawo, kuya kubaluleka kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuba ayikunyamezeli ukushisa okukhulu. Ngokwam amava, ndinokuxelela ukuba, ukuba amaqondo obushushu ahlala phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-35ºC, kunye nomswakama womoya ongaphezu kwe-50% iiveki, nokuba ubeka emthunzini, ngaphandle kwelanga, uya kubona indlela amagqabi awo avutha ngayo kwaye afe. .

Ngesi sizathu, ayenzi ngqiqo ukuthenga isityalo esiya kuba nobunzima obukhulu ebomini. Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye ngaphandle koko, inyameko enikelwe kuyo ayisayi kuhlala yanele.

Phofu ndiza kukuxelela yintoni ukhathalelo jikelele Yintoni omele umnike yona?

Ubicación

Eyona nto icetyiswayo yileyo ngaphezu kokuba nayo ngaphandle, yibeke elangeni okoko nje isityalo abanaso kwi-nursery kwindawo enelanga, kungenjalo kungcono ukuyibeka kwindawo engaphantsi komthunzi kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uqhelane nelanga.

Ngoku, ukuba into onayo i-beech yesithombo, eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuqala ngokuyibeka emthunzini. Endle, imbewu intshula ngaphantsi kwehlathi, yaye njengoko ikhula yaye ikhula, ngokuthe ngcembe iqhelana nelanga elingqalileyo. Ngoko musa ukungxama ukuyiveza ekukhanyeni okuthe ngqo kwenkwenkwezi ukumkani; uya kuyenza yedwa.

Umhlaba

Njengoko ifuna imihlaba etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwamanzi, Ukuba uya kukhula ebhodweni ixesha elithile, ndincoma ukutshala kwelinye kunye nomhlaba wezityalo ze-asidi (zithengiswa). apha); kwaye ukuba iza kuba semhlabeni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umhlaba uchumile, unesiponji, kwaye unompompo ofanelekileyo.

Ukutyala kwimihlaba yodongwe kufuneka kuphetshwe., ekubeni ezi zinzima kakhulu kwaye, ngoko ke, ziba zincinci kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuba umoya ujikeleze phakathi kweegraniti ezizenzayo. Ukongezelela, i-beech yayiza kuba ne-iron chlorosis, ekubeni nangona umhlaba wodongwe unentsimbi, awufumaneki kwiingcambu.

Unkcenkceshelo kunye nombhalisi

Kwiindawo zayo zemvelaphi, umthi we-beech uhlala kwiindawo apho ngaphezu kwe-1000 mm yemvula ewela ngonyaka. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe ukuba imvula ine kancinci, okanye ukuba isembizeni. Kaninzi kangaphi? Kulungile kuxhomekeke, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uhlale ufumile okanye upholile (ungamanzi), ingakumbi ehlotyeni.

Ngokubhekiselele kumbhalisi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlawule ngexesha lentwasahlobo kwaye kude kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla, kunye Izichumisi zendalo.

Ukuphindaphinda

Isiqhamo se-beech yi-beechnut

Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Bartosz Cuber

El Ifagus sylvatica iphindaphindwa ngo imbewu ebusika kwaye ukusika entwasahlobo.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi -20ºC ubuncinci, kodwa ukuba zingaphezu kwe-30ºC zihamba kakubi.

Umthi we-beech mhle kakhulu, awucingi?


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